Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 4

Operations Management - Essay Example Here I want to thanks my parents as well for all their prayers and support. By, Department of Project Management, Faculty of Management Sciences _____________________________________________ Dated: 26-04-2013 Contents Introduction 4 Background of Coca Cola 5 Histogram 7 In statistics, a histogram is a graphical representation of the distribution of data. It is an estimate of the probability distribution of a continuous variable and was first introduced by Karl Pearson. A histogram in a representation of tabulated frequencies, shown as adjacent rectangles, erected over discrete intervals (bins), with an area equal to the frequency of the observations in the interval. The height of a rectangle is also equal to the frequency density of the interval, i.e., the frequency divided by the width of the interval. The total area of the histogram is equal to the number of data. 7 Value Chain Analysis of Coca Cola and Histogram 7 Conclusion 10 References 11 Introduction Organizations have been ma de to earn economic profit. The essence of profit maximization is very important from the standpoint of the organizations that is why the entities have to undertake effective long term strategies to expand the revenue recognition of the firm (Andrew & Collingwood, 2005, PP. 98). Organizations have been around the strategies and long term benefits, that is why the organizations have to keep a certain check and balance over its strategies merely for their long run growth. Operations management is an area of management concerned with overseeing, designing, and controlling the process of production and redesigning business operations in the production of goods and/or services (Andrew & Collingwood, 2005, PP. 111). It involves the responsibility of ensuring that business operations are efficient in terms of using as few resources as needed, and effective in terms of meeting customer requirements (Andrew & Collingwood, 2005, PP. 95). It is concerned with managing the process that converts inputs (in the forms of materials, labor, and energy) into outputs (in the form of goods and/or services). The relationship of operations management to senior management in commercial contexts can be compared to the relationship of line officers to highest-level senior officers in military science. The highest-level officers shape the strategy and revise it over time, while the line officers make tactical decisions in support of carrying out the strategy. In business as in military affairs, the boundaries between levels are not always distinct; tactical information dynamically informs strategy, and individual people often move between roles over time (Andrew & Collingwood, 2005, PP 102). The entire world has been moving with a lightning speed and the stance of globalization is on its peak, in which any small effect on anything has an ultimate effect over the other things as well. Organizations have to take numerous strategies into account to sustain in the competitive environment. The competition stance has also increased due to the level of globalization, which enables the companies to undertake effective operating strategies as far as their long run growth is concerned. There is different analysis which an organization performs to assess the loopholes within its operations (Berry, 2001, PP. 52). Among different analysis

Foreign Exchange Risk Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Foreign Exchange Risk Analysis - Essay Example The policies in china resulted in a successful market economy and indigenous private sector. This resulted increase of foreign trade and inward investments. The high growth recorded in China regarding economic activity and manufacturing, prompted many companies to export to establish manufacturing units in China.1 The exchange rate in the international market is dominated by US dollar. The imbalance in the system can be considered as a reason for instability. The foreign exchange policy by any state should have a long term agenda to appreciate it along with the increasing exports, which is a difficult thing. As per now the USD is international currency and Euro and Yen are trying to replace it. For this purpose the currency should fulfill the classical money functions. This makes the countries like china to have US currency up to some extent and this leads to appreciation of that currency resulting in increasing the import costs. If any country wants to appreciate its currency, it must be accepted by lot of people and countries in the world. This increases demand for that particular currency and can be appreciated. 2 The reason for the change in the foreign economic relations and exchange of Yuan with other currencies is due to opening of its economy to the outer world. The private foreign capital was used to increase the economic development. As China absorbed the new capitals, the currency was being appreciated. The increase of manufacturing sector simultaneously provided the foreign exchange to china to import the requirements. As it followed the self reliance the imports are kept at a limitation and this resulted in appreciation of its currency over the international currencies. As a result 1USD can fetch only 7 Yuan and this is due to the acceptance of the Yuan by different countries like the members of ASEAN and other countries. The self reliance and control of imports also made Chinese currency appreciate gradually over USD in the course of time. As per Nike company is considered it can export its goods into china. One reason is that there are very less currencies like Yuan that are very close to the value of US. This makes the company to make more profit in China than the countries like India, which have 1USD = more than 40 Indian rupees. So, instead of exporting the products to the countries like in India, it is better to export to country like China for Nike. Though it results in decrease of foreign investment, this resulted in healthy competition and growth of economy. 3 From the hardened stand in 1949-50 the US policy has been liberalized from then on China. UK along with US favored China and both of them relied heavily on china. The policies of US and UK made china to implement the economic reforms. 4 After the end of China's Civil war both other parts of the world and China recognized the importance of China and the openness of the economies. After Europe, Britain considered the China to be important according to American influence. Out of its large investments in the world, the British and Americans have substantial investments in China. China, which was ranked below Hong Kong and Malays by US in the preferential treatment emerged as the front runner in the economic refo

Culture aspect on human organ donation Research Paper

Culture aspect on human organ donation - Research Paper Example While there are no legal hurdles during the process of organ donation, there is a lot of skepticism among the potential donors. In countries like India and China, the main religions talk about the concept of rebirth and reincarnations. Hence, religious followers have developed a fear about donating the body parts after death (Woo, 1992). According to Daar (2000), in Islamic countries, the religion prevents the separation of organs from the body after death. However, a deep dive into the cultural traditions of these nations indicates that religion and culture are not actually against organ donation (Ogbonmwan, 2010). This study aims to identify the reasons that prevent people from organ donation and will try to find out if culture is one of the dominant factors that go behind the decision. The study is based on review of literature as well as the research undertaken on the topic of impact of culture on organ donation. The study will highlight the various insights through the review of literature and research about the way in which culture plays a role in making an impact on organ donation. Organ Donation, Culture and Religion The cultural aspect of organ donation is deeply influenced by the way in which culture influences religion. Hence, in most cases, the religious practices or beliefs have transpired as cultural beliefs. Here is a brief summary of what some of the major religious practices talk about the concept of organ donation. Islam and Organ Donation According to Islam, violating the human body is a forbidden concept but, at the same time, the concept of altruism forms a basic tenet of Islam. Hence, helping in saving the life is regarded as a noble concept. Therefore, based on this principle, many Muslim Law bodes have passed religious rulings that organ transplantation is entirely approved in Islam, such as by the UK Muslim Law body (Golmakani, 2005). According to Golmakani, the Islamic Jurisprudence Council of the Government of Saudi Arabia had approve d both live as well as cadaver organ donation in 1988. Countries like Pakistan, Egypt and Iran had also passed similar rulings (Einollahi, 2008). As per the research done by Einollahi in 2008, he felt that scholars approved of organ donation and even Islamic laws were passed in approval. However, even then many followers are not comfortable with the idea of organ donation, especially when it comes to the procedure of deceased organ donation. Einollahi’s research shows that among all the kidney donations carried out in Iran, only 13% were deceased donation. In Turkey, Kuwait and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, this figure was less than 25%. Hence, there is still some skepticism based on religion about organ donation. In addition, there is also some difference of opinion between the Indo-Asian Muslim scholars and the Arab scholars, where the Indo-Asian Muslim scholars are not much in favor of organ donation (Rady and Verheijde, 2009). Part of this concern could arrive from the nor ms for burial which states that the body should be buried within 24 hours, where as lengthy organ retrieval procedures may delay the norm (Gatrad, 1994). Therefore, while Islam as a religion does not have any prohibitions against Islam, followers are still apprehensive about the entire procedure. Christianity and Organ Donation Christianity as a religion endorses organ transplantation. The various branches of Christianity such as Anglican,

A region in the developing world faces water supply problem Essay

A region in the developing world faces water supply problem - Essay Example er provision; interlinking of rivers and rainwater harvesting and their comparison based on cost involved in the method and the impact of the method to the environment. It is found that rainwater harvesting is the cheaper method to be used to provide water in India. Despite the fact that India has quite a number of rivers like; Ganges, Krishna, Brahmaputra, Tapti, Yamuna, Narmada, Godavari, Mahanadi and a good climatic weather condition characterized by availability of rainfall throughout the year which amounts to 4000 billion cubic meters of rainfall, it still has to contend with the issue of water shortage (Bombay, 2010 p 47). 1This can be linked to the following factors: 1. Increased demand for water by households, industries and for irrigation in farms: In 2006, it had been found that India used about 829 billion cubic meters by volume of water. This was shared such that irrigation consumed between 89 to 92 percent, industries used between 2 to 5 percent and the households used between 3 to 9 percent of to total volume from both underground and surface water sources as per the records of World Resource Institute, Earth Trends 2001. This consumption is expected to rise to about 1.4 trillion cubic meters or to double by the year 2050. This increase results from the rapidly growing population which will result into the need of more grains which are the products from the farm industries. This in return adds pressure onto the need of high production quantity and efficient irrigation methods (Shahan, 2009).2 2. Population growth rate: The population of India is expected to hit the 1.6 billion mark by the year 2050. Such a drastic increase in population is going to add stress on the existing water. The increase in population implies the need for more industries to meet the need of the people and increased reliance on the agricultural sector for both the raw material and food. The firms would need more water for irrigation and this increases shortage in the

Coaching Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Coaching - Term Paper Example In simple terms, coaching is training or development that involves an individual (coach) supporting the learner (trainee) in achieving professional objectives. There many types of coaching like business, sports, and philosophy to other. A coaching philosophy is what one values and how he will approach his coaching roles. Coaching philosophy covers ones purpose as a coach and how he will approach player development and winning. Ones coaching philosophy is composed of the primary objectives and at times beliefs and the principles that one adhere to achieve his goals (Program, 2010, p. 45). One’s coaching philosophy will guide him on how to behave as a coach and how to interact with his or her athlete, footballers among other examples. Coaching philosophy has to touch on who one is and who one wants to be in future. In many occasions, it is based on one’s experience, knowledge, opinions, and beliefs. All excellent philosophies irrespective of their length describe and explain the purpose of coaching, the views, and the principle that the coach will use to achieve his goal. (Association A. F., 2012, p. 130) Some of the elements of the coaching philosophies are discussed below. Motivation vs. Inspiration: Inspiration is the shortest- lived character or behavior. In many occasions when a challenge requires a force and application over time, inspiration may help to start us off, but motivation provides the perseverance required. (Barbour, 2011, p. 335) On the other hand, motivation is based on the intrinsic need of people, for example, how vital is the outcome for the performer. As far as the footballer has made up his mind as to the desirability of this result for him then his coach can help him to achieve his goal. When a footballers or athletes depend on the coach for his so called motivation, then the coach will be in trouble. It is because coaches need highly motivated players to work within the field. Plan, prepare

Cash Management Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cash Management Paper - Essay Example When a company is strapped for cash there are various alternatives can be implemented to ensure the company stay solvent for a longer period of time. One of the approaches that can be utilized in cases where there is an imminent cash flow problem is to reduce costs. During the global economic recession that started in 2008 the world has seen how many global corporations have chosen to reduce their payroll expenses through massive layoffs in order to keep the businesses going. The US government created a special bailout package bill for the US automakers because companies such as GM could not keep operating because of cash flow problems. Cash flow problem can also occur due to the inability of a company to collect its account receivables. IF clients are not paying on time the best alternative is to terminate the credit privileges to such vendors. A technique that is utilized by companies to improve its collection function is by utilizing electronic transactions such as direct debit from a checking account. One of the four primary financial statements is called the statement of cash flow. The statement of cash flow is the best anal ytic tool that can be used to manage the cash flow of an enterprise. This financial statement provides an outlay of the cash that is entering and going out of a firm as well as the type of transaction associated with the movement of cash. The three categories that measure cash movement in the statement of cash flow are financing, investing, and operating activities (Besley & Brigham, 2000). Due to the importance of the cash asset of a business there are various alternatives that a company can utilize to obtain cash through short term financing. Short term financing are alternatives that provide a company with immediate cash to be utilized to cover its short term operating activities such as paying payroll, buying materials, maintenance activities among

Auto-ethnography Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Auto-ethnography - Personal Statement Example From this paper it is clear that  relative to that short description about some of their prevalent traits, the reporter   can say that they have been significant influence to his life and character in multiple ways. Today, when he is troubled or required to make a crucial decision, the author reminisces and asks himself, ‘what would his parents do?’, depending on the situation. Some of the occurrences that molded him took place when he was young and even though some of them were sad, he learn a lot from them. After the author started going to school, his great-grandmother passed on and it hit his mother hard. In fact, she had an emotional breakdown that made everyone sad and sorry.  This essay stresses that his parents were very religious and at a tender age, the reporter adopted this as a familial habit but later on came to understand everything. He can remember listening to the Quran regularly as his parents took turns in reading it. Moreover, on Fridays, they wo uld watch Khotba on the television as a family. This habits act as a firm foundation to his beliefs as a Muslim. Additionally, his dad owned a farm and every week they would visit and engage in different activities. His favorite and most memorable moments were riding his bike and playing with the rabbits.  Based on the Islamic culture, gatherings and family events were significant to us as Muslims and a family. When possible, the reporter would attend gatherings with the extended family members every week and twice a year, have Eid celebrations.