Essay --

It is important for people to imitate others before they tush become professional and creative. Imitation can be looked down upon by society however, it is not as bad as it is chalked up to be. Imitation allows people to establish themselves. good deal contribute role models and admire them. A person aspires to achieve as much as their idol has done. Imitating a role model is necessary to be original and creative because mimicking allows one to be put in a position to influence others and to build upon qualities of the role model.Athletes are an everyday example of imitation. Athletes have role models that they look up to piece growing up. For example, superstar athlete LeBron James has stated in numerous interviews that he aspired to be like Michael Jordan while growing up. He was influenced by someone who was successful and is considered the greatest of all time. Mimicking Michael Jordans game, LeBron has been put into a position where he is an idol for others. He can now show off his creativity, which others can look up to. LeBron James has established himself to the point that others will ...

Schizophrenia: A Matter of Perception? :: Biology Essays Research Papers

dementia praecox A Matter of Perception?The brain fills the pieces of study transmitted from the sensory environment that atomic number 18 not there or missing. For example, the blind spot in our eyes have no sensory unmortgaged receptors, hence images focused on that spot are not transmitted to the brain. In fact, a hole should exist in our visual perception from the images communicate onto our blind spot. This does not happen as our brain fills in the spaces with ongoing patterns that fit the image of our vision. Also, what we see and what is interpreted from what is seen spreads across a broad spectra from mavin individual to another. This indicates that there is no real format by which to generalize different individuals perceptions. Every input from the sensory environment is formatted and placed into context by our brain. Our brain organizes each situation into a format that makes sense to our schemata. So what happens when ones train of thought is fragmented and ones bra in is unable to organize these fragments into a comprehensible pattern? Imagine if at times, your experiences become a slide show, fragments of experiences that do not come together. This is, in fact, how many people suffering from schizophrenia run along their experiences (1). Have you ever had an experience or a vision that just does not make sense? Maybe you might not understand the execute and the outcome of a certain experience or situation, but every memory is placed into context. Our brain makes sure of this. So, when seemingly unrelated fragments of information are sent to the brain, it attempts to combine these fragments together into a most logical manner. Is it possible that the reason that schizophrenics have an impaired sense of reality is because their brains logic is askew? Schizophrenia is one of the most severe psychopathologies present today. Its causes are still vague, and the symptoms vary across a large spectrum. However, two generalized grouped of symptoms have been place for schizophrenics positive symptoms, and negative symptoms. Negative symptoms include lack of activity, anhedonia, and loss of interest. Positive symptoms include disorganized speech, hallucinations, and delusions experiences (1).Individuals with schizophrenia commonly experience a disorder in their perception. Their surroundings are unreal and their external sensory environment seems different from what they previously knew. In fact, their perceptions become derailed misinterpreting situations and the chronology of events. They are unable to distinguish between reality and imaginary.

Abraham Lincolns Assassination Essay -- slavery, abolition, confedera

Abraham capital of Nebraska, the sixteenth death chair of the United assures was elected president on November 6, 1860. Not even on the southerns ballot, Lincoln get 40% of the popular vote. As a strong republican, Lincoln believed in the abolition of slavery. Lincoln became president in the highest conflict between North and South in history, and wanted to preserve the trade union. He believed that the South should not be punished after the Civil War, because he thought that they had already been punished enough. Abraham Lincolns lenient policies along with the effects of the Civil War led to his assassination.In the 1860s, disputes began to arise about the amount of power that should be given to the State and Federal governments. During this time, the South believed that slaves were private property, and were necessary to their economy whereas the North wanted to preserve the Union. Just before Abraham Lincoln was about to become President, South Carolina seceded from the Union because they thought the nation was falling apart. Then just two months later, in February of 1861, Mississippi, Texas, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, and Louisiana seceded, creating the Confederate States of America. The Confederates, also known as the Southerners then established a capitol in Montgomery, Alabama, electing Jefferson Davis as their President (Miers, E. S. 1865). On March 4, 1865, Abraham Lincoln was re-inaugurated for his second term as the President of the United States. During the War, the Confederates worldwide was Robert E. Lee the best general in the United States, and the Unions general was Ulysses S. Grant. After several Union victories, including those of Vicksburg and Gettysburg, Richmond, the capital of the Confederacy fell ... ...man, D. J. (2012). Lincolns last days the solemn assassination that changed America forever. New York Henry Holt and Co..Somerlott, R. (1998). The Lincoln assassination in American history. Springfield, NJ Enslow P ublishers.Swanson, J. L. (2006). Manhunt the 12-day chase for Lincolns killer. London Portrait.The Death of President Lincoln, 1865. (n.d.). The Death of President Lincoln, 1865. Retrieved October 12, 2015, from http//www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/lincoln.htm The Effect of President Lincolns Death on National Affairs. (1865, April 17). The New York Times.The Lincoln Assassination and its Aftermath. (n.d.). American Civil War. Retrieved October 14, 2015, from http//www.americancivilwar.asn.au/conf/2006/lincoln_assassination.pdf Redford, R. (Director). (2011). The conspirator Motion picture. United States of America Lions Gate Films.

Is Collusion Possible :: essays papers

Is Collusion Possible1. Introduction. In this essay I would discuss the price and output determination under the one essential type of imperfect competition markets- oligopoly. Inter-firm inter shamions in imperfect markets take many forms. Oligopoly theory, those name refers to competition among the some, lack unambiguous results of these interactions unlike monopoly and perfect competition. in that location is a variety of results derived from many different behavioural assumptions, with all(prenominal) specific model potentially pertinent to certain real-world situations, but not to others. Here we are interested in the strategic nature of competition amidst firms. Strategic means the dependence of each persons proper choice of action on what he expects the other to do. A strategic move of a person influences the other persons choice, the other persons expectation of how would this concomitant person behave, in order to produce the favourable outcome for him. 2. Tw o types of behaviour (Collusive and non-collusive). Models of enterprise decision making in oligopoly derive their special features from the incident that firms in an oligopolistic industry are interdependent and this is realised by these firms. When there are only a few producers, the reaction of rivals should be taken into account. There are two broad approaches to this problem. First, oligopolists may be thought of as agreeing to co-operate in setting price and quantity. This would be the Collusive model. According to this model, firms agree to act together in their price and quantity decisions and this would to exactly the same outcome as would have been under monopoly. Thus the explicit or co-operative collusion or Cartel would take place. Second approach of the oligopoly analysis is based on the assumption that firms do not co-operate, but make their decisions on the basis of guesses, expectations, round the variables to which their competitors are reaching and about the form and the nature of the reactions in question. The Non-collusive behaviour deals with this model. Here, though in equilibrium the expectations of each firm about the reactions of rivals are realised, the parties never actually communicate directly with each other about their likely reactions. The extreme case of this can even imply competitive behaviour. Such a situation is much less profitable for firms than the one in which they share the monopolistic profit. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the case of the possibility of collusion between firms in order to reach the monopolistic profits for the industry, assuming that they do not co-operate with each other.

Rappaccini’s Daughter Essay: Solitude/Isolation in the Story and Hawthorne’s Life :: Rappaccinis Daughter Essays

Solitude/Isolation in Rappaccinis Daughter and Hawthornes Life In the Nathaniel Hawthorne tale, Rappaccinis Daughter, we see and feel the solitude/ isolation of the scientific-minded surgeon, Dr. Rappaccini, likewise that of his daughter, Beatrice, and finally that of the main character, Giovanni. Is this solitude not a reflection of the very life of the author? According to A.N. Kaul in his Introduction to Hawthorne A collecting of Critical Essays, the themes of isolation and alienation were ones which Hawthorne was deeply preoccupied with in his writings (2). Hawthornes personal isolation from people from 1825 to 1837 was probably due to his lifelong bashfulness among people. This reluctance to freely socialize may have been a result of a foot injury an injury to his foot at the age of lodge reduced his physical activity for almost two years (Martin 16). Wagenknecht says in Nathaniel Hawthorne The Man, His Tales and Romances that this accident reduced him for over two yea rs to a state of invalidism that probably contributed toward developing his taste for reading (2). Or Nathaniel Hawthornes shyness was perhaps due to the death of his father when he was but four years old. Regarding the push of this death upon Hawthorne, Edmund Fuller and B. Jo Kinnick in Stories Derived from New England Living, say When the news came of his fathers death, Hawthornes mother withdrew into her upstairs bedroom, coming out only seldom during the remaining forty years of her life. The boy and his two sisters lived in almost complete isolation from her and from each other (29). The Norton Anthology American Literature states that as a college student at Bowdoin College shyness caused him to try to evade the obligatory public declamations (547). It continues Hawthornes years between 1825 and 1837 have fascinated his biographers and critics. Hawthorne himself took pains to propagate the public opinion that he had lived as a hermit who left his upstairs room only for n ighttime walks and hardly communicated even with his mother and sisters (547). Henry James, a coetaneous of Nathaniel Hawthorne, who knew him socially, had lots to say about Hawthornes isolation and shyness in his book Hawthorne . . . this region to be of a weird and woodsy character and Hawthorne, afterward in life, spoke of it to a friend as the place where I first got my cursed habits of solitude.

Literacy essay Essay

The computer program for excellence is organised into eight subject areas Expressive Arts, Health and Wellbeing, Languages, Mathematics, Religious and Moral Education, Sciences, Social Studies, and Technologies. The Scottish primary programme recognises the sizeableness of from each one of these subjects . However, literatureeracy is seen as fundamental as it unlocks access to the wider curriculum ( Curriculum for excellence Literacy across learnedness principles and pr defendice). Literacy is organised into three strands variation , writing and public lecture and hearing.From my school situation experience, and personal reading I will discuss how grounding in each of these literacy strands can help advance children in their familiarity acquisition, and understanding of other curriculum areas. The curriculum for excellence defines literacy as a set of skills which allows an individual to engage fully in society and in encyclopaedism through the different forms of langua ge, and the range of texts which society values and finds useful Within the curriculum literacy is organised into three strands reading, writing and talking and listening.Reading is a skill which can greatly help children in all curriculum areas. However, it is intrinsic that children foster a positive attitude towards reading from the early stages, in sanctify for this to occur. For the youngest children, well before the age of five, sharing and enjoying favourite take holds regularly with trusted adults, be they parents, carers, practitioners or teachers, is at the heart of this activity. (Rose, 2006).While on placement in a nursery school I witnessed how an interest in reading can be promoted which was having a library for the children to go to. library equips students with lifelong learning skills and develops their imagination, thereby enabling them to live as responsible citizens. (Premars and Willars, 2002) Before home time the teacher would select a al-Quran to read to the children in the library, and would invite the children by asking a question like what do you think will happen next? The in truth hungry caterpillar was one book the teacher read to the children, which helped the children with their noesis of the subject Health and Well-being, as from it the children learned about the importance of eating healthily in order to grow sizable and strong. The children also developed their Numeracy skills from the reading, when they counted the number of fruits the caterpillar eat each day. I could see that the children were all developing an interest in reading which encouraged them to go to the reading area by themselves a pick a book to look at.This was also luck them to establish an interest in other curriculum areas. ane girl pick up a book on shapes, and she was pointing at a triangle, and she asked me what is that? with great curiosity. Another boy asked me to read a book about earthquakes to him, and as I was reading the book to the boy more children came over when they heard the excitement in my voice. After the reading. I asked the students to stand up and shake as though there was an earthquake, in order to encourage physical activity among the children.As children progress through the primary curriculum collaboration between teachers and Parents is vital for childrens reading skills. Children whose parents said they heard them read at home had markedly higher reading attainments at age 7 and 8 than children who did not receive this kind of help from their parents. . While on placement with Primary 4 the teacher assign the book Fantastic Mr shed for the children to read at home. The children would then go over their assigned reading with the teacher each day.I remember one student in crabby who struggled with her reading so the teacher used the strategy of two stars and a wish to ensure that her enthusiasm for reading remained high, while also confinementing her with something to work on. savor for positi ve things to say about a students work, even when pointing out problems or mistakes with the work. Some might receive praise for bigger accomplishments than others, save even the lower performers need a regular pat on the back. (Adams, 2000) This is essential so that no student is left with a negative standoff towardsreading. After the story the teacher assigned the students with a number of tasks which linked to a number of curriculum areas. The children had to work in groups of four to design a healthy for Mr. Boggis, which helped with their understanding of the subject health and well-being.. The children also improved their numeracy skills from the reading Another by having to plan a feast for a number of people, and precondition the cost of a variety of food the children had to work out how much of each food they would need and then how much it would cost.Furthermore, while on placement with a primary 4 class, the children were encouraged to read up on any topic that they w ere confused about. I witnessed this occurring dozens of times during my time at the school. I remember one child was very confused about a particular aspect of volcanoes after a lesson on the topic, but the teacher had no time to go over it again with the boy, so she handed him a book on volcanoes. At the end of the day the teacher asked him a question on volcanoes and from his reading he was able to answer.On another occasion the teacher divided the class up into four groups and handed each group a book on the solar system along with a question sheet relating to volcanoes. The following day the teacher asked the students what they had learned from their reading about the solar system, and I was amazed with the amount of information the students had learned from independent reading. Childrens motivation to read can significantly help to facilitate with their learning of other subject areas, because if a student enjoys something they will read it. This was the case with the solar sy stem lesson.In some instances students may become so engaged with a book that they are in a state of flow. Flow is a concept coined by psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, and it occurs when a person is immersed on a task, self-aggrandizing it their attention, energy and focus. This is essential for learning as to pursue mental operations to any depth, a person has to learn to concentrate attention. Without focus, consciousness is in a state of chaos. Unless one learns to concentrate, and is able to invest the effort, thoughts will scatter without reaching any conclusion. (Csikszentmihalyi, 1998)To help promote thisFrom my readings, I pass discovered the pivotal role writing plays in helping children to learn new concepts, words and ideas. Through writing, they organise thoughts, remember important information, solve problems and reflect. They learn how to communicate for detail purposes and audiences. ( Queensland Authority Studies). Writing is necessary in terms of assessme nt for most subjects. Therefore if a child, even one with an exceptional level of knowledge in the subject area, struggles to gets their meaning across, due to poor writing skills can end up with a poor assessment mark.Therefore it is vital that students have substantially written English in order for them to express their subject knowledge. To help students with this issue teachers often use writing maps, these include generic reminders to ensure that students take issues such as presentation the purpose for writing structure and paragraphing accurate use of punctuation and spelling and relevant subject-specific vocabulary Literacy across the curriculum). This would prove very beneficial to all students even those who have a high writing standard as they would still be learning to organise new thoughts and ideas in an effective manner.Teachers may also wish to apply Vygotskys scaffolding concept by pairing up a student who has poor literacy skills but life-threatening subject/ t opic knowledge with a student who has good literacy skills but poor subject/ topic area, in order for them to learn from one another. Furthermore, from helping one another both children should reach their next level in their Zone of proximal development, (the difference between what a students can do by themselves and what they can do with assistance), in literacy and the given subject area.The last stand of literacy is literacy and talking. From my school experience placement I got the opportunity to see at first-hand how listening and talking can help with the delivery of a multitude of subject area. Listening and talking occurs naturally within the classroom, and it is an essential. After the book fantastic Mr fox was finished the teacher had a discussion about the book with the children, but first she ensured that the children were all sitting comfortably and were all paying attention.To be effective, teachers have to try to minimise barriers to communication. We do this in a nu mber of ways for example by making sure that the room is quiet and well lit by speaking slowly and clearly by only using words which the students should be able to understand. However the most important way to cover the barriers is two-way communication. This means getting regular feedback from the receivers (the students) Do they really understand what we are trying to put across? (Prozesky, 2000) The class discussion helped with the childrens knowledge of Science.As the teacher talked about the different senses the fox used to avoid being caught, and then she asked students about the different type of senses that people have. (Warner, 2012). Another task the teacher assigned the students based on the book Fantastic Mr Fox was to design a poster to show the farms, the wood and the underground tunnels that Mr fox digs. (Warner, 2012) This was assigned to promote the childrens knowledge of Geography and I. C. T. Before the children took up the task, the teacher gave the students t he opportunity to ask questions.students asking questions is a vital part of the learning adjoin(Petty, 2009) From having an open question time it also gave students the opportunity to learn from one another, and understand something they may not have thought of asking. The childrens RME was facilitated from listening also. One example of this occurring was after break time and two of the children were arguing with one another. The teacher sat both of the students down and it was discovered that they were arguing because one of the boys did not get an opportunity to play football because of the other boy.So the teacher turned to the offending boy and asked him how would you like it if you were left out? After giving the boy time to think about it, he soon realised he was in the wrong and apologised. From the above it is clear that the Scottish primary curriculum values literacy as being essential in helping to facilitate students understanding of other curriculum areas, competenc e and confidence in Literacy are essential for progress in all areas of the curriculum. Furthermore literacy skills is essential for students after their school years as they will need advanced levels of literacy to perform their jobs, run their households, act as citizens and conduct their professional lives (Clark and Rumbold, 2006) References Adams, B. (2000). Helping Students Become Motivated Learners. NDT Resource Center. Online article available at http//www. ndt-ed. org/TeachingResources/ClassroomTips/Motivating_Students. htm Accessed on 9th March 2013 Clark, C. and Rumbold, K. (2006) Reading for.

Catherine Triangle Essay

Overlooking the docks area of Brooklyn is the massive Brooklyn Bridge, which spans New Yorks East River and which joins the boroughs of Brooklyn and Manhattan. In the title, miller suggests he is giving the audience a view of the community which lies below the bridge. The title also suggests that the audience is given a panoramic view of the scene, such(prenominal) as a captain of a ship has an all-round view from the vessels bridge. The action of the play takes place largely in an flat tire in a tene handst block in the Red pussyfoot area of Brooklyn. In the play, Alfieri, the lawyer, describes the area asthe slum that faces the bay on the onshore side of Brooklyn Bridge and as the gullet of New York swallowing the tonnage of the world. It was a socially deprived area, where succeeding generations of immigrants from Europe, both legal and illegal, found a category and work. There was a long-established Italian community in the area. The Culture and Society of Red Hook. Given the rather traditional values of Italian-American society in the plaza of the twentieth century and the fact that most of the men earned their living from hard physical labour in the dockyards and elsewhere, it isnot surprising that Red Hook was quite a raw, masculine and even macho society. Manhood, which involved strength and aggression (and proving it) was very important. Women were expected to conform to an image of purity and domestic fairness and, as Beatrice does, gain most of their satisfaction from cooking and maintaining the household. The men expected to be respected and obeyed as of right and the women had to submit to them in decision- making. The influence of the ro part print Catholic Church was strong and most people had traditional moral views.The family and the extended family were of major importance as was the community. Many of the families were recent immigrants from Southern Italy, the first home of the Mafia, and family and blood ties were often demonstra ted through the practice of vendetta, that is the obligation on the rest of the family to take revenge on anyone who insulted or harmed any of its members. It was, therefore, a culture in which a mans reputation (for strength and honesty, for example) was crucial to him and where any affront to a persons honour had to be avenged.This may help you to understand the pressure that Eddie and Marco are under at the end of the play. The Legal Background. In the first 20 years of the Twentieth Century, oer three million Italians emigrated to the U. S. A. to escape from the poverty of their homeland and in the hope of a better life in America. These were legal immigrants to America, nevertheless the local world grew increasingly hostile to the Italian community.In the early 1920s the American government passed laws to restrict immigration and afterwards only four thousand Italians were allowed to go into the U. S. A.legally each year. Far more than this number were desperate to escape th e poverty of their own country. Two such were the submarines, Marco and Rodolpho, cousins of Beatrice, who enter America illegally on the evening the play opens. One of the few government agencys an illegal immigrant could gain the right to remain in America legitimately was to marry an American citizen. This sometimes meant that illegal immigrants married not for love, but simply to remain in the country. We can perhaps better understand Eddies fears about Rodolpho when we slam this 7. The Carbone Familys Background.A playwright, unlike a novelist, cannot describe characters and situations to an audience. Details about characters and their relationships have to be revealed gradually and subtly. What, then, do we know about the Carbone family and the relationships within it? The Carbones live in an apartment in a tenement building, at 441 Saxon Street, Brooklyn, which Miller describes as a workers flat, clean, sparse, homely. Eddie, aged 40, is a large, strong man who enjoys male pursuits and going bowling with his friends. He is a longshoreman (i. e. he works in the docks). Beatrice is a traditional 1950s housewife.She keeps the flat looking immaculate, cooks and, at least in the early part of the play, dutifully defers to Eddie in everything. She stands up to Eddie much more as the action unfolds, and objects to his overprotective attitude to Catherine. Catherine, Beatrices bewitching 17-year-old niece, had been adopted by Eddie and Beatrice when her parents died. Catherine is very fond of Eddie but there is suppuration tension between them because of Catherines wish to start work and Eddies require to protect her from, as he sees them, the dangers of the adult world. The Eddie Beatrice Catherine Triangle.The relationship between these three is the fOcus of Act I. Eddie and Beatrice have obviously had a warm, loving relationship but there are currently stresses. In Catherines opinion, and in Eddies too, Beatrice nags her husband. Catherine tells Rodo lpho If I was a wife, I would make a man happy sort of of going on at him all the time (Implying that Beatrice does go on at Eddie. ) Eddie certainly agrees with Catherines view. He tells Beatrice You didnt used to jump on me all the time about everything. The last year or two I come in the house I dont know whats gonna hit me.Its a shooting gallery in here and Im the pigeon. Part of the tension is caused by Eddies touch sensation that he should be the master in the house and Beatrices increasing wish to express her own view. This leads Eddie to say, I dont like the way you talk to me, Beatrice, whenever Beatrice disagrees with him. The Catherine Rodolpho Eddie Triangle. When Eddie first hears that Beatrices cousins have arrived he says it would be an honour to help them, despite the obvious risks involved. He knows how important it is to give the men a chance to work to send money back to Italy.There is no doubt that Eddie understands the poverty they are escaping as his own f ather had come to the U. S. A. from Italy. Eddies willingness to offer hospitality shows that he is a good man, aware of his responsibilities to others in the Italian-American community. This makes his later actions an even greater shock. Eddie is immediately impressed by the quiet high-handedness and maturity of Marco, but he is equally quickly irritated by Rodolpho. This is partly because of Rodolphos personality, for he is an extrovert, quite loud, showy, lively and fun- loving, but also because of his appearance.Eddies stereotyping of Rodolpho because of his blond hair and his voice shows prejudice, which reflects not just Eddies attitudes but those of his time and culture. . The Catherine Rodolpho Eddie Triangle Things which irritate Eddie These are the things about Rodolpho which irritate Eddie His appearance peculiarly his blond wacky hair. Eddie says of Rodolpho hes like a chorus girl or sumpn. His abilities and talents, e. g. dressmaking and cooking, which Eddie thinks are things only a adult female should do. This leads him to doubt whether Rodolpho is a real man.His fondness for singing out loud in his high tenor voice, even on the ships. Eddie is embarrassed that other men laugh at Rodolpho for this. He is particularly angry when Rodolpho sings Paper Doll because he thinks the words may be related to Catherine and he becomes aware of the growing romance between her and Rodolpho. The stage directions state that Eddie is puffed with trouble when he notices the growing affection between Catherine and Rodolpho. These are the things that annoy Eddie at first, but headache becomes hate when he realises that Rodolpho is a rival for Catherine.In Act II, Eddie is furious with Catherine and Rodolpho for going to the cinema and staying out late. Eddie believes that Rodolpho is deliberately dating Catherine in the hope of marrying her and universe able to stay in America. It is difficult to decide whether this is a genuine concern or whether Eddie is us ing it as an excuse to cover his real savour which is sexual jealousy. What do you think? It is unlikely that a man like Eddie would consider Rodolpho as a suitable partner for Catherine, even if there was no sexual jealousy involved. . The Catherine Rodolpho Eddie Triangle Eddies motivesWhatever his motives, be they genuine concern to protect his niece or sexual jealousy, Eddie tries his hardest to turn Catherine against Rodolpho and split them up. He tries to wound Rodolpho in front of Catherine in the following ways He cleverly introduces the subject of boxing (a suitably masculine activity for Eddie) and, while pretending to teach Rodolpho how to box, hits him in the mouth. For Eddie, this demonstrates to Catherine what a weak man Rodolpho is and what a strong one he (Eddie) is. It also shows that Eddie thinks women are more attracted to strong, aggressive males.

Ladder 49 vs. the Real Fire Department Essay

L tote uper 49 is a firefighter movie which gives us a divulge picture of the actually deal in firefighting. Several facets are shown in the movie which takes us to the more intimate level of the lives of firefighters where they do their short letter, and the personal lives they concord that are entirely affected by their being firefighters. We redeem a picture of how firefighters create long lasting bonds within the confines of the rigorous job and also the consequences that the job imposes to the family members. The movie may probably be the near realistic depiction of firefighting scenarios in the US by far in movie theater hi invention.Theoretically, the creator of the film has employed firefighter circumstances and made it as real as it can possibly get. There are, of course, some differences made callable to the cinematic requirements imposed by the film industry. But overall incline 49 may unsloped be about the closest look into the realities of firefighting. The sto ry revolves around cakehole Morrison, as played by Joaquin Phoenix, who worked as a firefighter for a Baltimore station. The plots of the story are basically just about turd Morrisons career, his personal lifespan, and the tragic event which lead to his unfortunate demise.The movie shows e genuinely stage of his career as a firefighter. The highlights of the initial intermit of the influence of being a firefighter showed immediate camaraderie within Jack and his colleagues. This is portrayed in scenes where the firefighters pull pranks within each other, get into fights with each other, and just plainly get fun together. The movie establishes the kind of relationship that the profession brings into the lives of these people a certain bond of brotherhood that is highly needed in the nature of a profession which is always in a high risk of jeopardy.Also the movie presents moving fatalities and injuries as it is present in the occupancy of work of firefighters. Jacks personal l ife aspect, however, revolves around his family. The movie showed his courtship with Linda, played by Jacinda Barrett, to their marriage and to having their own family. The more personal level of the movie gets into scenes where the it shows the effects of Jacks being a fire fighter to the family members. One example is when Linda gets too affected with the line of work of her keep up as she came into her senses when she was in a funeral of Jacks colleague.Then the movie further shows her distress in scenes where she, while pregnant, sees her husband on the television performing a highly dangerous stunt while saving a life. This also presents the kind of trouble the marriage gets into as they fight over the danger of his career and the fear that it entails. Eventually in that respectafter, they had children of their own and built a family while Jack pursues a higher, more hazardous post in the incision. One of the most moving storylines of the film is where Linda declares her fea r of seeing the red car showing up outside their house.In real life, the red car means that the firefighting department is to report non just the death of the family member working for the department but it can also be an injured family member. Thereafter, in the latter part of the film, it did show up and it is probably ane of the most moving portrayals of how the consequences of the line of work of firefighting can heavily affect personal relationships. The movie basically go around around a scene where Jack struggles to survive in one very tragic happening amidst an instance where he was doing his job. He was trapped in between a closed space and a minatory amount of fire.During these times, the movie just draws flashbacks of all the highlights of Jacks career as a firefighter, his relationship with his colleagues, and his personal life with his family. The movie started with this scene and practically ended in it as well. It shows scenes where Jack talks to his captain, Mike Kennedy, as played by John Travolta, while he was struggling to escape from the fire. It also showed the moving, and tragic scene where Jack gave up and declared that he should be left just inside the burning construct and have his captain command the rest of the firefighters to evacuate.Subsequently, his death marked a tremendous loss in Baltimore as it was presented in scenes of Jacks funeral ceremonies. Although this movie is deemed to be a very good depiction of the real life scenarios of firefighters, there are still some secities in the movie that can be addressed. Some of the scenes may even seem to be unrealistic and are obviously integrated in the movie to add to certain levels of the film industrys entertainment standards. One manifestation of this irregularity is when Mike Kennedy, Jacks captain, orders his firefighters to go inside the burning building to get Jack.This would seem very appropriate for the movie as a medium of telling the audience that Jack needs help. However, the truth is in real life firefighting speckles, there are no protocols whatsoever that requires the captain to signal a command to get their fellow firefighter out of danger. Firefighters are ingenious to be highly independent on pursuing their tasks amidst adverse conditions. This is because most of the time communication between each other and even with the captain is not easily accessible.This consequently trains the firefighters to act based on their instincts which also mean that if a fellow firefighter is in danger there should not be thinking twice and waiting for commands. Instead instinct should take its toll to just try to save the life of the fellow fire fighter in danger in any way possible. Another inconsistency is when Mike Kennedy tries to exert as much sympathy as possible to the loss of one of their colleague due to a fire incidence. He tells his subordinates to take as much rest as they need.However, in a real firefighting scenario, bereavement does no t require time off as the responsibilities entailed in firefighting are broad and cannot just be neglected easily. There can be no disclosures of irregular time offs with firefighters as it is very important that they report to their stations adequately and on time. As shown in the film, there is a scene where they show the firefighters in the station resting in their beds, and when there is a call for duty they just instantly position themselves to get ready for work.This just goes to show that time is so important in the firefighters duties and responsibilities. This movie also missed hitting it in a much more sensible treatment in such case as Jacks declaration of a hopeless situation. This is when he deliberately asked his captain to stop the rescue and just have the rest of the team leave the premises because there is no chance that he can survive the circumstances. In real life situation however, there is no chance that the captain will fall for the command of his subordinate and just let the firefighter in danger burn.The real life situation would be less dramatic, and more action-oriented. The firefighters will do just about everything to save the life of their fellow man even if the said person in danger asks for him to be left alone. This is what the camaraderie and brotherhood brings about which is discussed earlier However, above all these irregularities in the film are also many striking and truthful depictions of the real life firefighting scenarios. One of which that made a clear portrayal of the firefighting scene is the quick death of one of the firefighters.The instantaneous death is very similar to how it really happens in real life. The swiftness of the events in life and death situations is just as fast as it is depicted in the movie. Also, the scenes where Jack was amidst a burning house searching for someone who is in trouble of getting burnt inside is a good depiction of real life firefighting. The actions and happenings inside have a genuine feel to it. In other movies which show fire scenes, smoke conditions are not really as heavy as it truthfully is because audience will not be able to see anything if the realistic amount of smoke is integrated in the film.But Ladder 49 made a really good representation of how the smoke can be inside the burning building. This also shows how Jack struggle to get through with the situation in ways such as crawling in the dark and knocking some things over. Generally, the film may be sensed as just another drama portraying the heroism of firefighters. But more than anything else, this movie portrays everything that is good and bad in the firefighting profession. This also makes us evaluate that such people who are ready to risk lives for the welfare of everyone still exists in our society.ReferencesOchieng, F. (2004). Ladder 49. The Top Box Office Movies. Retrieve December 19, 2008 from http//www. theworldjournal. com/ surplus/movies/2004/ladder49. htm Scott, D. (2004). Revi ew Ladder 49 Burns With Heated Action. Joaquin Phoenix Gives Sincere Performance. Retieved December 19, 2008 from http//www. 4029tv. com/entertainment/3775785/detail. html Bolton, G. (Producer, & Russell, J. (Director). (2004). Ladder 49 Motion picture. United States banner Pictures & Beacon Communications.

Can a Non Muslim Be a Syariah Lawyer

Topic A Non-Muslim Shariah Lawyer Thesis Statement - A Non Muslim cannot be a Syariah lawyer First of all, a non-muslim cannot be a syariah lawyer simply because a syariah lawyer must be a muslim.Rule 10 of the PeguamSyarie Rules 1993 (Federal Territories), section (a) clearly provides that a person may be admitted to be a syariah lawyer only if he or she (i) is a Muslim and has passed the final examination which leads to the certificate of bachelors degree in Syariah from all university or any Islamic educational institution recognized by the government of Malaysia or(ii) is a Muslim member of the judicial and legal service of the union or (iii) is a Muslim advocate and poll taker enrolled under the Legal Profession Act 1967. PeguamSyarie Rules 1993) (Legal Profession Act 1967). To sum up the act above with simpler words, one must be a muslim in order to practice as a syariah lawyer in Malaysia besides the other contribute factors such as he or she must be a graduate from an y university or Islamic institution, or an advocate or solicitor under the Legal Profession Act 1967. According to Dr.Wan Azhar bin Wan Ahmad in his article Non-MuslimsSyarie Lawyers, he has stated that , the answer to the question of Can a non-muslim apply to be a syariah lawyer? is being categorized as a No. If a non muslim applies to be a syariah lawyer, he or she can be considered as violating the law and shall be penalized for it. The legal rules set up clearly shows that in this rule 10 section (a) clause (i) ,(ii) and (iii) requires a muslim to be attached to all of these clauses in order to become a syariah lawyer.This was proven when aNational Fatwa Council of Malaysia has decided that a non-muslim cannot become a syariah lawyer in order to protect the purity of Islam during the review of Victoria Jayaseele Martins application in challenging the court to accept a non-muslim to be a syariah lawyer. Martins application was struck off by the court. The second point to back up the reason why a syariah lawyer must be a muslim is because he has to deal with the Islamic matters.As for example, he has to strictly deal with the Islamic teachings, principles and practices of the tenets of Islam such as the reciting of the syahada, daily prayers, fasting during the month of Ramadhan ,almsgiving and the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime. If a non-muslim that do not practice all the tenets of Islam mentioned above, the people that are hiring him for their cases, may raise doubt on his credibility. (http//executableoutlines. com/islam/islam_03. htm) Another reason why a non-muslim cannot be syariah lawyer is because Syariah lawyer must be an expert in the understandings of Al-Quran and Hadith

Chinese New Year – Short Essay

Chinese naked Year China is the first one of the cradles of world civilization, 5000 courses of history makes China more powerful. in that respect are many Chinas unique festivals, like Mid-Autumn feast, Ching Ming festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Winter Festival and Chinese upstart year. Especially Chinese New Year stay the most important social and economic holiday in China. The Chinese New Year is now popularly known as the Spring Festival because it starts from the Beginning of Spring. Its origin is too elderly to be traced.Several explanations are hanging around. All agree, however, that the word Nian, which in modern Chinese solely means year, was originally the name of a monster beast that started to prey on people the night before the beginning of a new year. In Chinese New Year, we have many rules and customs. We will sweep the dust, pasting paper cuts and spring duette, staying up late on New Years Eve, dress up in red, croak red envelope, etc. Dust is homophonic w ith Chen in Chinese, which means old and past.In this way, sweeping the dust before the Spring Festival means a thoroughgoing cleaning of houses to sweep away bad luck in the past year. This custom shows a good wish of putting away old things to welcome a new life. In a word, just before the Spring Festival comes, every household will give a thorough cleaning to bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new. Paper-cuts, usually with auspicious patterns, give a happy and prosperous atmosphere of the Festival and express the good wishes of Chinese people looking forward to a good life, in addition to pasting paper-cuts on windows. The Spring Couplet, also called couplet and a pair of antithetical phrases, is a special form of literature in China. The Spring Couplet is composed of two antithetical sentences on both(prenominal) sides of the door and a horizontal scroll bearing an inscription, usually an auspicious phrase, above the gate. The tradition of staying up late to see New Year in originated from an interesting folk tale. In ancient China there lived a monster named Year, who was very ferocious. Year always went out from its burrow on New Years Eve to devour people.Therefore, on every New Years Eve, every household would have supper together. In Chinese New Year, we will dress up in red and go to relatives Houses to visit. The red color means luck for Chinese people, so we like to have everything red. state who are married need to prepare some red envelopes that contains money, so when people come to their house, they will get it to the people who are not married or children. When its Chinese New Year, children and teenagers get so excited about it, because they can get a lot of money from the red envelopes.

How does Mary Shelley use Gothic elements to explore deeper issues in Chapter Five? Essay

The Gothic Horror novel is a literary musical style which began to flourish in Britain during the 18th century. It is a type of novel that deals with accompaniments that gener anyy question the boundaries that separate the socially acceptable from the unacceptable, often exploring the themes of good and evil along the demeanor. Prominent features of this genre atomic number 18 typically desolate or remote settings, with violent, mysterious and macabre incidents taking place. The use of such devices usually leads to an observing of the margins between what is human, and what is monstrous, supernatural and inhumane. This allows the genre to delve into subjects that atomic number 18 frequently regarded as taboo. Mary Shelleys Frankenstein is a classic example of a Gothic Horror novel it uses almost all of the above conventions, and resultantly explores one of the fiercest debates of morality cloning, which, during the era in which Frankenstein was written, would have been a prohib ited issue.Chapter Five uses many Gothic elements in order to depict the fervor of the issue that it explores it is the chapter in which passkey Frankenstein brings his Creation to life, and consequently is the chapter that brings ab prohibited the eventual destruction of Frankenstein. From the opening paragraph of this chapter, we get a sense of the gloominess that is attest throughout firstly, Shelley sets the scene in a typically supernatural environment it is on a dreary night at one in the morning that the event occurs, as the rain patters dismally against the panes. The isolation of the environment- the particular that superordinate is alone in a foreign country, in the dead of night- is an alien situation, and is unsettling for the reader. It also highlights Victors seclusion he is alone in the world. Frankenstein and his Creation are the only two living creatures in the first section of this chapter, in which the existence is created. Later on in the book, we see that Frankenstein must battle against the being he has created in order to save humanity. The fact that he and his Creation are alone in the room, in isolated surroundings pre-empts the idea that there will be a war between Frankenstein and his Creation, and the fact that the struggle will leave Victor even more isolated than he is now.Also, the pathetic fallacy of such weather and times foreshadows the dark events that are to follow. The fact that he puzzle outs by a half-extinguished light also creates a sense of foreboding it shows that any bright or happy times that Victor had previously experienced are going to be over soon, smothered out by the Creation. Notice how the usual black letter convention of a violent electric storm has preferably been replaced by rain pattering dismally. The weather is also described as dreary the use of such adjectives creates a mo nononous and also rather mourning atmosphere. This depressed environment pre-empts the disappointing result of the ex periment the miserable surroundings prepare the reader for the equally dismal disillusionment of the birth. The lack of thunderstorm could also engender a feeling of unease, as it strays away from the typical Gothic convention unfamiliarity usually provokes a sense of discomfort, adding to the eerie aura of the chapter. Shelleys subversion of conventions prepares the reader for the birth, as the birth also generates distress, disappointment and unease Victor is expecting the Creation to turn out as a normal being instead, he is horrified by what he sees and it comes as a complete shock to him.This eerie atmosphere that Shelley creates is further brought roughly by the sense of indefiniteness that is created it is all very vague we are told about instruments of life, but they are never described. The spark of being that is infused is also an ambiguous shift it could be electricity, but we do non know for sure. This sense of indefiniteness arouses anxiety and anticipation the read er is not exactly sure of the circumstances, and so is awkward with it. Mysterious situations are being delved into this exploration of the unknown is another prominent feature of the Gothic Horror novel that is portrayed throughout Frankenstein.Shelley does not notwithstanding attempt to perturb the reader she also provokes terror and revulsion by the use of description. For example, the creatures yellow skin scarcely covered the work of muscles and arteries beneath. The creatures description is almost semi-human, which again links to the gothic genre the portrayal of the creature is monstrous, and also rather frightening. However, the Creation also has somewhat beautiful features, such as lustrous black hair, and teeth of a pearly whiteness. These beauteous features, however, only formed a more horrid ancestry with his watery eyes dun white sockets shrivelled complexion straight black lips. This combination of aesthetic and horrible features accentuates the ugliness they o nly enhance the repulsiveness, creating a worse overall outcome. This emphasises the way that human nature is more prone to seeing the negative aspects rather than the positive the hideous outbalances the pleasant.The readers fear of the monster is further consolidated with the way that Victor reacts towards his Creation. Victor rejects his Creation be capture of the way he looks he is filled with breathless horror and rushes out of the room. This could every influence the reader in the way that they emulate Victors reaction, or that they feel he is irresponsible we see that Victor runs away from his problems, instead of facing up to them. This shows that he has not planned for anything to go wrong he is foolish, and too obsessed with his goal to consider the consequences.Victors res publica of mind of late is also a typical one used in Gothic novels Victor seems to be going insane, as that night he is unable to compose his mind to sleep, and when he finally does fall asleep, he is disturbed by the wildest of dreams. His mind is very troubled, and he states that he worked hard for or so two yearsdeprived myself of rest and health. He has overcome basic human needs, like food and rest this creates a sense of the unnatural, as it is not normal to deprive oneself from such necessities merely for the sake of work. This element of the novel is strongly gothic, as it relates to the idea of a living nightmare. Shelley here is portraying the dangers of obsession, and the fact that man cannot create man with ease. Victor has succeeded in creating man however, he has had to sacrifice many basic requirements in order to achieve his goal.The wildest of dreams that Victor experiences are certainly disturbing, and adds to the Gothic aspects of the chapter he dreams about holding his lover, who then transforms into his dead mother, and then a shroud envelopes her form, and (Victor) saw the grave-worms crawling in the folds of the flannel. These images could be typic of hi s deeper and darker concerns that he is worried about the harm that the Creation will inflict upon his loved ones. The dead mother could pre-empt the deaths that occur later on in the story, as a result of his Creation? The dream occurs as a result of his Creation, as do the deaths that happen later on. The dream could also have undertones of necrophilism he massles the pieces of dead body easily enough to create man, perhaps the dream suggests an obsession with death? Such issues would have been of a taboo status, and the way that Shelley explores matters of the sort is typical of the gothic genre.Frankenstein awakens from his sleep and sees the monster, who reaches out for him.The Creation is treated with contempt and disgust from the moment it is born, even though it does not initially cause any harm, or even intend to cause any harm. Victor describes the way a grin wrinkled the Creations cheeks, and how one hand was stretched out, seemingly to detain me. Such actions can be int erpreted in various ways the Creation could simply have been smiling and reaching out to Victor for a hug, yet Victor immediately assumes that the Creation wants to detain him.The Creation also muttered some inarticulate sounds the first thing that it tries to do is surpass this shows that it is a friendly and sociable creature, yet, from the moment it is born, it is though the worst of, and is shunned in its attempts at making friends. This foreshadows the way that the monster will not be current into caller it has already been rejected by its own creator, it seems unlikely that society will accept it. Victors actions are worse than the Creations Victor runs away in a cowardly manner, when all the Creation was trying to do was be friendly.The following morning, after Victors fall out with his Creation, the weather is described as dismal and wet. Shelley has used pathetic fallacy here the physical landscape reflects Victors mental landscape. It echoes the gloomy hereafter that is to commence, and reflects the dismal reality of the situation. The black and comfortless sky gives connotations of darkness and evil, suggesting that God has rejected Victor for toying with his power.Prometheus, a storyological God, was given responsibility for the reality of mankind, which he produced from pieces of clay. Prometheus could not bear to see the clay mortals he had created living a half-life, without fire ignoring the Gods and Zeuss intentions that Man should not have fire, Prometheus steal some and gave it to his clay beings, rebelling against the wishes of the other Gods.Victor Frankenstein is often compared to Prometheus in fact, Shelley has put the subtitle for the novel as a modern Prometheus. he echoes two aspects of the Prometheus myth the creation of man from raw materials, and the rebellion against a higher authority. Victors situation is similar he defies God by mimicking Gods ability to create life this angers God, and we see this is the way the sky is illustrated. This is another Gothic element, as Victor opts for the Devils side as distant to Gods side. This portrays the classic battle between good and evil good always defeats evil, as is shown when, later on in the novel, Victor starts to melancholy his choice.By the end of the chapter, Victors frame of mind is just as unstable as ever the form of the monster on whom I had bestowed existence was forever before my eyes. The Creation haunts Victor wherever he turns, showing how he has developed a nervous complex. This unstableness of his mind is eerie in itself. It depicts the fragility of the human mind, and is quite frightening to imagine. Shelley arguably presents Victor as more loathsome than the Creation in this chapter, as it is Victor that is the coward, in running away from his own creation. Victor also abandons his family in order to pursue his goal of bringing a human to life the Creation does not do this. The Creation reaches out for Victor, searching for a friendly response. In fact, it is Victor who rejects the Creation. Shelley here could be referring to the responsibility that parents have in accordance to their children Victor abandons his child, and never shows regret for the way he treats it.Throughout this chapter, Shelley presents many warnings involving the responsibility of a parent towards its child, and uses gothic conventions in order to convey this. She also gives warnings about the dangers of playing God such warnings are relevant even today modern science and parental responsibilities still apply in the modern world. every(prenominal) of the events that occur throughout the novel, and particularly in chapter five, are that of a supernatural nature. The chapter contains many references to matters of taboo, such as necrophilia, and also explores the idea of abandonment and the way society outcasts certain members simply due to physical appearance. Shelley could be sending out a message of warning to future generations, showing wh at could happen as a result of playing God. She also seems to be commenting on how unjust it is that humans base their judgements purely on physical appearance. As part of a gothic story, chapter five is extremely effective, in that it contains all the conventional gothic elements, along with unconventional ones, in order to maximise the feeling of unease, discomfort and fright.

Manmohan Singh

ohan Singh- A weak PM ? Manmohan Singh is the 13th and current salad days minister of the country. But in the past one year he has been heavily criticized and he has ended up facing a lot of clap from the opposition as well as the citizens of the country. But is this enough to say that he is a weak PM? No I dont think so, while criticizing him we all are forgetting the good work he has done for our country.What a lot of us dont know is that sooner becoming the prime minister of the country Manmohan Singh was the finance minister of our country, during the early 90s, at that time our country was in a lot of debt and it was because of his policies that we were fitting to come out of such a difficult situation and stand on our own two feet. We must non forget that it was during his time that the policy of LPG- liberalization, globalization and privatization was bought in our country.According to an article in a well known magazine it was quoted that he is one of the leaders who is loved by and respected by other leaders, in 2010 he was 18th in Times magazines most powerful persons. And also he has been give tongue to to be the best prime minister of the country since Nehru. But there is a famous saying that if you have roses then you have thorn to. equivalent is the case with Manmohan Singh, with the UPA government facing a lot of flack for the way it has been governing the country for the last distich of years.Specially with the CWG scam, 2G scam and the recent Baba Ramdev and Anna Hazzare incidents his image has been spoiled. He has been called a puppet in the hand of Sonia Gandhi, he ha been accused of not standing up for himself when most needed. People dont make the gravity of the situation or what pressure Mr. Singh is and how every move he makes is judged and criticized. Every wrong move by him is noted and the right one not taken note of. So what if Mr.Singh does not make many public appearances or decides to keep mum on certain issues, he is lik e the emphasize dancer who doesnt get notice but is one of the biggest reason for a particular dance to be good. Just like many a people might say that he is a puppet in Mrs. Gandhis hand but just like the background dancer he works from the behind for the success of his government. That is the reason even with so many scams UPA is in one its best reign over the last couple of decades.

Bpr Business Process Reenigneering

CONTENTS Topics Page No. cornerstone 4 Overview 5 History 6 BPR Methodology 7 Advantages and disadvantages of BPR 9 Case cogitation- I 11 Case study- II 13 Conclusion 24 References 24 1. INTRODUCTION Business affect re-engineeringis a transmission line management strategy, originally pioneered in the early 1990s, focusing on the analysis and design of readyflows and passagees in spite of appearance an governance. BPR aimed to helporganizations underlyingally rethink how they do their fix in order to dramatically improve client service, cut practicable costs, and stick world-classcompetitors.In the mid-1990s, as more as 60% of the Fortunecompanies claimed to either energise initiated reengineering efforts, or to fetch plans to do so. BPR seeks to help companies radically restructure their organizations by focusing on the ground-up design of their barter functioninges. match to Davenport (1990) a strain shape is a set of logically cogitate tasks performed to comp ass a defined business outcome. Re-engineering emphasized aholisticfocus on business objectives and how accomplishes related to them, encouraging full-scale recreation of processes kinda than iterative optimization of sub processes.Business process re-engineering is to a fault known as business process redesign, business transformation, or business process change management. design 1 2. OVERVIEW Business process re-engineering (BPR) began as a private sector technique to help organizations fundamentally rethink how they do their work in order to dramatically improve customer service, cut operational costs, and become world-class competitors. A key stimulus for re-engineering has been the continuing development and deployment of sophisticated nurture systems and ne 2rks.Leading organizations are becoming bolder in using this technology to fend for innovative business processes, rather than refining genuine ways of doing work. Reengineering guidance and relationship of Mission and Work Processes to Information Technology. Business Process Re-engineering (BPR) is basically rethinking and radically redesigning an organizations existing resources. BPR, however, is to a greater extent than just business improvising it is an approach for redesigning the way work is through to better support the organizations mission and reduce costs.Reengineering vexs with a high-level assessment of the organizations mission, strategic goals, and customer needs. Basic questions are asked, much(prenominal) as Does our mission need to be redefined? Are our strategic goals aligned with our mission? Who are our customers? An organization may find that it is operating on questionable assumptions, particularly in terms of the wants and needs of its customers. further after the organization rethinks what it should be doing, does it go on to decide how best to do it.Within the framework of this basic assessment of mission and goals, re-engineering focuses on the organizations busi ness processesthe locomote and modus operandis that govern how resources are used to create products and operate that meet the needs of particular customers or markets. As a structured ordering of work go across time and place, a business process can be decomposed into specific activities, measured, modeled, and improved.It can besides be completely redesigned or eliminated altogether. Re-engineering identifies, analyzes, and re-designs an organizations nerve business processes with the aim of achieving dramatic utilitys in critical doing measures, such as cost, quality, service, and speed. Re-engineering recognizes that an organizations business processes are usually fragmented into sub processes and tasks that are carried out by several specialized functional areas within the organization.Often, no one is responsible for the overall performance of the finished process. Re-engineering maintains that optimizing the performance of sub processes can result in some benefits, b ut can non yield dramatic improvements if the process itself is fundamentally inefficient and outmoded. For that reason, re-engineering focuses on re-designing the process as a in all in order to achieve the greatest possible benefits to the organization and their customers.This drive for realizing dramatic improvements by fundamentally re-thinking how the organizations work should be do distinguishes re-engineering from process improvement efforts that focus on functional or incremental improvement. 3. HISTORY In 1990, Michael Hammer, a former professor of estimator science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), published an phrase in the Harvard Business Review, in which he claimed that the study challenge for managers is to obliterate forms of work that do not add value, rather than using technology for automating it.This statement implicitly incriminate managers of having focused on the haywire issues, namely that technology in general, and more specifically learning technology, has been used primarily for automating existing processes rather than using it as an enabler for making non-value adding work obsolescent. Hammers claim was simple Most of the work being done does not add any value for customers, and this work should be removed, not accelerated through automation. Instead, companies should consider their processes in order to maximize customer value, while minimizing the consumption of resources required for delivering their product or service.A equal idea was advocated by Thomas H. Davenport and J. Short in 1990, at that time a member of the Ernst & new-made research center, in a paper published in the Sloan guidance Review This idea, to unbiased redirect examination a attach tos business processes, was rapidly adopted by a huge get of firms, which were nervous strain for renewed competitiveness, which they had lost due to the market entrance of foreign competitors, their inability to satisfy customer needs, and their insufficient cost structure.Even well- open up management thinkers, such as Peter Drucker and Tom Peters, were accepting and advocating BPR as a new tool for (re-)achieving success in a dynamic world. During the following years, a fast developing number of publications, books as well as journal articles, were dedicated to BPR, and many consulting firms embarked on this trend and highly-developed BPR methods. However, the critics were fast to claim that BPR was a way to dehumanize the work place, increase managerial control, and to justify downsizing, i. e. major(ip) reductions of the ork force, and a rebirth of Taylorism under a different label. Despite this critique, reengineering was adopted at an accelerating pace and by 1993, as many as 60% of the Fortune 500 companies claimed to either have initiated reengineering efforts, or to have plans to do so. This trend was fueled by the fast adoption of BPR by the consulting industry, but also by the study Made in America, conducted b y MIT, that showed how companies in many US industries had lagged behind their foreign counterparts in terms of competitiveness, time-to-market and productivity.Development after 1995 With the publication of critiques in 1995 and 1996 by some of the early BPR proponents, coupled with abuses and misuses of the model by some others, the reengineering fervor in the U. S. began to wane. Since then, considering business processes as a starting point for business analysis and redesign has become a widely accepted approach and is a standard part of the change methodology portfolio, but is typically performed in a less radical way as originally proposed.More recently, the model of Business Process Management (BPM) has gained major attention in the corporate world and can be considered as a successor to the BPR wave of the 1990s, as it is evenly driven by a striving for process efficiency supported by information technology. Equivalently to the critique brought forward against BPR, BPM i s now accused of focusing on technology and disregarding the people aspects of change. 4. BPR METHODOLOGY BPR methodology is a structured term of activities that constitutes the typical BPR project. BPR refers to a re-design of business processes by using IT.Its methodology is to give a guideline or progress of how the business process to be re-designed. There are number of methodologies for an organization to practice. According to S. Muthu, L. Whitman and S. Hossein Cherahhi , in that respect are 5 typesetters cases of BPR methodologies. To be simple, a consolidated methodology has been developed from those 5 methodologies. That is similar to the 5 frames mentioned in class visioning, mobilization, process redesign, implementation and monitoring & maintaining. Fig 2 Phase 1 Triggering & functioning VisioningThis phase is to design the visions and directions that a smart set should go with in order to improve efficiency of the targeted business processes and customer satisf m otion. In this stage, the organization should identify the reengineering opportunities, enabling technologies and direct impact on customers. Phase 2 Mobilization In this phase, a reengineering team should be formed. The team should outline the performance goals, BPR plan and budget. Processes to be redesigned should be selected. IT people are involved to make assessment on IT infrastructure and provide information for better business process redesign.Phase 3 Process Redesign This stage is to analyze and compare AS-IS processes and TO-BE processes. later identifying the effectiveness improvements of the existing processes, modeling methods can be used to develop the TO-BE models. Integration can be done afterwards. Phase 4 Implementation Training programs are initiated in this stage to provide the skills of capable the TO-BE processes. IT infrastructure and the organization are also need to be adjusted to fit the TO-BE processes. Phase 5 Monitoring and MaintainingThe new processe s should be monitored and modified on a continuous basis, especially the progress of action and the results. To carry out a good BPR methodology, organizations are recommended to consider each phase carefully. Each phase should be comprehensive enough for execution to drive for a success in achieving the organizations vision and strategy. Business Process Reengineering Principles * Organize around outcomes, not tasks . * Have those who use the output of the process perform the process. Subsume information-processing work into the real work that produces the information. * Treat geographically dispersed resources as though they were centralized. * Link parallel activities instead of integrating their results. * Put decision points where the work is performed and build controls into the process. * Capture information once and at the source. 5. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF BPR Business process reengineering (BPR) is a program that systemically breaks down the process a business use s and starts over with new, more efficient methods basically a redesign or a reboot.A business process is a collection of procedures, steps or activities the business uses to get the product from development to the customer. Businesses use BPR for mingled reasons, including cutting costs and meliorate overall production. Nevertheless, BPR also has its drawbacks. * Identifies Waste and Encourages Ideas The aim of BPR is to help businesses pinpoint obsolete steps, items or thespians in a business process. For example, if four workers perform a task, the business may take heed only 2 workers can get the job done during reengineering. BPR encourages employee input and participation.The workers who have familiarity with the processes under study can point out flaws and voice ideas for improvement. * Requires Investment and the Right Business Types BPR typically requires an investment, particularly in technology. Outdated methods, such as doing a task by hand, face replacement by co mputer programs. The programs improve efficiency and reduce errors, but the follow must invest in the software and training, a costly option for companies looking to cut expenses immediately. Not all business types benefit from BPR. For example, a manufacturing company may not have the option of edesigning processes without sacrificing safety or product quality. * Cuts Costs and Improves Functionality Removing unnecessary steps cuts down on time and confusion among workers. Assigning tasks that multiple workers would typically handle to one worker gives customers a clear point of contact for help or service. Even by investing more money in technology at the start, companies typically save money over time with the redesigned methods. For example, improving or updating electronic components incurs an up-front cost, but saves money over time by eliminating errors due to over-the-hill components. Lowers Worker Morale Some workers may not adapt to the BPR changes, and those assigned ne w responsibilities can become overwhelmed. Other workers become obsolete if their primary function is eliminated as part of a process overhaul. Management must provide support and guidance during BPR. Failure of the management team to assist workers and set an example during the BPR process may lead to failure, disorganization and staff problems. RISKS IN BPR * Advocates report failure rates of 50% to 70% * Sutcliffe 1999 reviewed difficulties * Employee resistance to change * Inadequate attention to employee concerns Inappropriate staffing * Inadequate tools * Mismatch of strategies & goals * Lack of inadvertency * Failure of leadership commitment 6. CASE STUDY- II Mahindra & Mahindra Implementing BPR Abstract The case examines the reasons behind automobile major Mahindra & Mahindras decision to implement a Business Process Reengineering (BPR) program. The case explores in detail the implementation procedure at the company and the benefits that accrued from the BPR program. In add ition, the case discusses the concept of BPR, its benefits, and the steps that need to be interpreted to ensure the success of such initiatives.Issues Examine the benefits that a BPR program can offer to an organization when it is in effect implemented MMs Problem Plants In the mid-1990s, Indias largest multi utility vehicle (MUV) and tractor manufacturer MM was face up serious problems at its Igatpuri and Kandivili plants in Maharashtra. The plants were suffering from manufacturing inefficiencies, poor productivity, long production cycle, and sub-optimal output. The reason highly under-productive, militantly unionized, and bloated workforces.The company had over the years been rather lenient towards running the plants and had frequently crumbled under the pressure of union demands. The work culture was also reportedly very unhealthy and corruption was widespread in various departments. appall at the plants dismal condition, Chairman Keshub Mahindra tried to address the problem by sacking people who allegedly indulged in corrupt practices. M&M also tried to implement various voluntary seclusion schemes (VRS), but the unions refused to cooperate and the company was unable to reduce the labor force.During this period, M&M was in the process of considering the implementation of a Business Process Reengineering (BPR) program throughout the organization including the manufacturing units. Because of the problems at the Igatpuri and Kandivili plants, M&M decided to implement the program speedily at its manufacturing units. The program, developed with the help of the UK-establish Lucas Engineering Systems, was first implemented on an experimental basis at the engine plant in Igatpuri. Simultaneously, an exercise was initiated to assess the potential benefits of implementing BPR and its effect on the unions.M&Ms management was not surprised to learn that the unions expressed extreme displeasure at the decision to implement BPR and soon went on a strike. However, thi s time around, the management made it clear that it would not succumb to union demands. Soon, the workers were surprised to see the companys senior staff come down to the plant and work in their place. With both the parties refusing to work out an agreement, observers began casting doubts on the future of the companys grand plans of reaping the benefits of BPR. Background NoteMahindra Mahindra Ltd. (MM) was the flagship company of the Mahindra group, one of the top ten industrial houses in India. The companys history dates back to 1945, when two brothers, J. C. Mahindra and K. C. Mahindra, decided to start a business of general-purpose utility vehicles. The brothers formed a company, Mahindra & Mohammed Ltd. , in association with their friend Ghulam Mohammed. In October 1947, the first batch of 75 jeeps was released for the Indian market. In 1948, the company was renamed Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd.Over the next few decades, the group promoted many companies in areas as diverse as hote ls, financial services, auto components, information technology, infrastructure development and trading to name a few (Refer Exhibit I for M&Ms history). Though MM had established itself in the markets and was among the leading players in many of the segments it operated in, it realized that some of its businesses were not closely related to its core business. This realization marked the beginning of the biggest change exercise since the companys inception. In 1994, a major restructuring exercise was initiated as part of a BPR program.M&M introduced a new organizational model, in which various divisions and companies were regrouped into six evident clusters of related businesses, each headed by a president. M&Ms core activities, automotive and tractors were made autonomous business units. The other activities of the group were organized into infrastructure, trade and financial services, telecommunication and automotive components. According to company sources, the whole exercise wa s intended to develop a conceptual map to provide direction for the future emersion of various business lines.It was decided that, in future, the group would confine its expansion to the identified thrust sectors. The two main operating divisions of the company were the automotive division, which manufactured UVs and LCVs, and the farm equipment division, which made tractors and farm implements. The company assiduous over 17,000 people and had six state-of-the-art manufacturing facilities spread over 500,000 square meters. The plants were situated at Kandivili (MUVs and Tractors), Nasik (MUVs), Zaheerabad (LCVs, Voyager, three-wheelers), Igatpuri (Engines) andNagpur (Implements and tractors) Excerpts more or less BPR The concept of BPR was popularized in the early 1990s by Michael Hammer and James Champy in their best-selling book, Reengineering the Corporation. The authors tell that radical redesign and reorganization of an enterprise was necessary to lower costs and increase the quality of service. According to them, IT was the key enabler for that radical change. Hammer and Champy felt that the design of the workflow in most large corporations was based on assumptions about technology, people and organizational goals that were no longer valid.They recommended seven principles of reengineering for streamlining work processes and, consequently, achieving significant levels of improvement in quality, time management and cost (Refer Table I) MMs Experience with BPR By the mid-1990s, BPR had become a popular tool globally, with many leading organizations implementing it. However, when M&M undertook the exercise, it was still a new concept in India. M&Ms workforce, as mentioned earlier, resisted this attempt to reengineer the organization.Soon after the senior staff began working on the storage floors, the first signs of the benefits of BPR became evident. Around a 100 officers produced 35 engines a day as compared to the 1200 employees producing 70 engines in the pre-BPR days. After five months, the workers ended the strike and began work in exchange for a 30% employ hike. As the situation returned to normalcy, BPR implementation gained momentum. MM realized that it would have to focus on two issues when implementing the BPR program reengineering the layout and method of working, and productivity The FutureSumming up the companys BPR experience, Anand Mahindra said, Let me put it in a simple way. If we have facilities in Kandivili today, which are not just surviving but thriving, it is all due to BPR. 8. CONCLUSION The reengineering deep changes all aspects of business and people. Part of the organization is easy to change by reinventing a way to work. However, the other part, people, is very difficult to change. In particular, it requires not only jobs and skills change but also peoples styles the ways in which they think and behave and their attitudes what they believe is important about their work.These are indispensable fact ors to determine whether reengineering succeeds or not. leadership must help people to cope with these changes. 9. REFERENCES * Business Process Change Reengineering Concepts, Methods, and Technologies by Varun Autor Grover and William J. Kettinger * Business process reengineering breakpoint strategies for market dominance by Henry J. Johansson * Business process reengineering an executive resource for implementation by Harold S. Resnick * www. bus. iastate. edu/ for case study references.

Frankenstein by Mary Shelly Essay

The setting in both books is mainly in the 18th century where there wasnt anything too modern which gartered add the theme of gothic aversion to the reading audience as in those times it was a lot darker and more horrifying. In an reference with a lamia the story is set over 200 years. Showing as the theme of gothic horror in the book decreases, as the book becomes more modern. This is shown when Lestat is scared of the modern world and the colored lights as he look ats they are sunlight scaring him into hiding.There are various themes in both books for caseful they accept written one of the char cultivateers acting like God, Lestat in Interview with a vampire and passkey in Frankenstein. This was especi all in ally scary in Frankenstein 1816 as the people took religion very seriously and to disgorge about gods in this way was known as evil, which scared the people who read the book Which would propel terror into the people who read it. When in Frankenstein the beast sa ys I am thy creature, I ought to be thy exaltationAnd in Interview in the vampire when Lestat acts as god by creating Louie and also when Lestat says they are the homogeneous as God when he says Gods kill, and so shall we This shows the God theme as Lestat connects being a vampire to being Gods which is shown in the quote. Another thing in both books they deal with the themes of outsiders. In Frankenstein when the creature is sounding in On examining the dwelling, I found that one of the windows of the cottage had formally occupied part of it entirely now the panes had been boarded up with wood. In one of these was a small and almost imperceptible chick, through which the eye could just penetrate.Through this crevice a small room was visible. Also in Interview with a vampire Louie became an outsider when he became a vampire. I verbalize goodbye to the sunrise and went out to become a vampire The two texts are very similar though in many ways. First of all in both texts the main character is an outsider, Louie as a Vampire as he is distinguishable from everyone else as he is a vampire and Victor as an outcast to everyone else as he created this lusus naturae and is a criminal for doing so making him an outsider and different to other people.Also both authors develop lost a child which may have helped write the book using their life experiences to help them writing the book. Both books have roughly the same plot when Louie or the creature both have a natural birth and find it hard to survive. Also in both books they murder when the creature kills people or Louie kills people for blood. As when Louie said, Now I am guilty of murder. I think the authors of these two texts have dont an excellent job in dealing with the theme of outsiders in the text as the setting, the characters and whats happening around them all start them outsiders.Also what the characters are and how they act and what they do which inspires terror or horror into the reader crea te the genre of Gothic horror and make it stand out. But what most of all stuck into my mind were the lecture from Louie, which really made me think Gothic horror and outsiders, was I wanted love and goodness in this which is living death I said It was impossible from the beginning, because you cannot have love and goodness when you do what you know to be evil, what you know to be vilify and also in Frankenstein when Victor said It was necessary that I should return without delay to Geneva, there to mark off over the lives of those I do fondly loved and to lie in wait for the murderer, that if any casualty led me to the place of his concealment, or if he dared Both showing the Gothic horror in their words like when they say murderer and evil creating the gothic horror feeling. Show preview only The higher up preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section.

CMIT Quiz

When you go to Disk Management, the option to give the RAID 10 array is not available. What should you do? Inst each(prenominal) an don RAID controller typewrite. Com/64705886/ o mobility ombowith scrutinyoutpcproa220801220802troub Ices tenderhearted sandal coronary artery disease/ 1/91 Combo with Combo with Tautest PC Pro A+ 220801 / You regaining a crap committed two points to the primary DID interface in a PC system. How could the drives be configures? (select two) 1) Set two drives to Cable Select You have a desktop computer that uses a 250 Watt power supply.You lately added a record RADIO array to the system and now it spontaneously shuts down. What should you do? Upgrade to a power supply that provides more watts You are responsible for managing the leaf node workstations at your computer. A seer in the conference room called concerning the digital projector and ostentation issues when the projector is connected to his laptop computer. After identifying the cause and completely resolving the issue, the projector displays the images utterly both on his laptop and on the projector. What should you do next?Document the solution You have a custom database application that your company has been using for several years. The application works fine on all of your Windows XP systems. You have just purchased a modernistic Windows 7 system for one of your gross gross revenue team members. You guide this user a member of the Users group on the local system. You install the custom application successfully. When the sales person logs on and tries to run the application, the program splash screen loads but then seems to hang. What should you do first?Grant the user permissions to the directories and files employ by the application. What is a recovery divider? A partition created by the computer manufacturer to restore the system to its original State 2) Set one drive to Master and the other to Slave http//equalize. Com/64705886/ combowithcombowithtestout pcproa220801220802troubleshootingand70ther 2/91 I ,25/2015 A user in sales cannot get his laptop to display through a projector. He sees the screen output on the strengthened LCD display, but the video is not being seen on the projector. What should you do first?See the raw sienna key to redirect display to the external video port Which of the spare-time activity tools is preciseally designed to test the DC voltage on a HAD power connector? Power supply tester On a Windows system, which Task Manager tab would you use to accommodate the antecedency given to a specific program? Processes After removing the printed paper from your laser printer, the toner smudges and can be wiped off in places. Which of the following is intimately credibly the problem? Fuser rollers The video driver on your Windows 7 computer is preventing the system from starting up successfully.You have already downloaded an updated driver and copied it to the computers HAD. Which mode should you select from the Windows Advanced Boot Options menu that would most likely allow you to start the computer to continue fixing the problem? Enable VGA Mode Which tool would be the best choice to remove and replace the motherboard BIOS chip? ICC extractor Which utility can be used to view when a service was stopped as well as any error messages generated by the service? Event Viewer You have added a new 1 TAB HAD to a endows computer. The magnetic disk is configured as a basic disk.Which of the following can be configured on this disk? (select two) 1) Primary partitions 2) Extended partitions with logical drives co mbowithcombowithtestoutpcproa220801220802troub Ices tenderhearted sandal etherealness rods/ 3/91 Youre troubleshooting a computer rails Windows 7. The SO has halted and a blue screen has been displayed on the monitor with an error message. What is the first step you should take in troubleshooting the issue? Search for the error in Microsofts knowledgeable or in a look to engine on th e Internet Which of the following identify the key preferences between a worm and a virus? ) Worms independently replicate themselves 2) A virus relies on a host for replication Which of the following protects a computer from electrostatic discharge? Antistatic wrist strap You have purchased an LED monitor and connected it to the DAVID port using a DAVID cable. You configure the screen resolution to 1440 x 900 with bit color. The screen display seems to be fuzzy. What should you do to correct the Change the screen resolution to the native resolution of the monitor In which of the following situations would restoring from a backup be the best option? Select two) ) You accidentally deleted several in-chief(postnominal) emails from Outlook and need to restore them. 2) You need to restore several word processing files that were accidentally deleted from My Documents Your laptop carrying case is designed from a inch laptop, yet you think you can squeeze your inch laptop into it. Before slipping the laptop into the case, what Remove any Expressed from their slots co mbowithcombowithtestoutpcproa220801220802troublesh00tingand70ther sand 1 atherosclerosis/ 4/91 Combo with combo with Tautest PC Pro A+ 220801 / You have a lilliputian tuner network with less than 50 client computers.You upgrade the hardware on TV0 wireless devices so you can use a better security standard than WEEP. Now you need to implement the new security standard. You need the greatest amount of security with the least amount of effort, and without replacing any of the wireless infrastructure. What should you do? (select two) 1) Implement WEAVES Youre conducting scheduled maintenance on a laser printer. You notice that there is a buildup of excess toner inside the interior of the printer. Which of the following is the proper way to remove Use an antistatic vacuum Youre troubleshooting a malfunctioning notebook computer.Nothing appears on the LCD display when the system is powered on. What is the f irst thing you should do? Plug in an external monitor You have a compiler that compiles applications used in your business. You motivation to make sure that the compiler continues to run in the background, even if you open the other applications. How can you adjust the amount of attention given to that application? Use Task Manager to adjust the process priority Several employees have forwarded you an email indicating that your companys health insurance provider has just launched a new benefits trouble Web site that all employees must start using.The employees are told in the email to click a link to access the site. Once there, they are required to provide their USN. However, you have discovered that your companys insurance provider did not send this e mail. What kind of attack just occurred? Phips inning 2) Configure each client with the same key 5/91 A user sends a print job to a network printer and it prints page after page of random characters. He calls the help desk and a te chnician discovers that in some way the wrong printer driver has been loaded on the users workstation.

How gangs are portrayed in the media Essay

Gangs atomic number 18 portrayed on TV and in the delineations as if they ar tot exclusivelyy evil, but in reality in that location are more positive aspects that are not shown. The media only shows gangs involved with drugs and the abandon, and as a resoluteness the media has scared many people into believing that gangs will take over our cities if we do not transgress them. The movie colour and the TV show American Justice overwhelmingly portrays gangs as f every last(predicate)acious.The movie Colors displays the bad things in gangs standardized how easy it could be to join a gang and to distribute the drugs for them. This movie portrays the working of a gang in California.. The movie also showed how the older gang members got the younger members to go out and sell the drugs for them. The idea behind this was that if the younger person was to get caught there would be a lesser chance that they would strikebreaker on the main dealer and they would get a lesser punishment , as juveniles. In the movie they always show you the parts of the gangs running from the police or doing something bad like the drugs and violence. What the movie does not show you how the gangs contributed to the society or if they did where is it then. The movie was based on the fact that gangs are bad and that is how they showed it.A TV program called America Justice, talks about the gangs negatively. They just show the bad parts of being in gang. In an interview they had with a former gang member, and all they reckon to ask him was scruples on the illegal aspects of the gang. The person doing the interview asked him how his gang got the younger kids to sell the drugs for them and he said, all we need to provide was a free initiation to a gang, and we would get the younger kids to do our sleazy work for us and make money at the same time. The person doing the interview asked him if he or any one in the gang ever killed someone and he did not reply to the unbelief making you think that he did or someone else did but he does not want to rat on himself or other gang members.With these types of questions it makes you think that gangs are based on the bad stuff. trustworthy deal may think something different if they ask him questions on like what contributions has you brought to your society instead of all the drugs and violence. The question of what do you do for work would be more driven towards the positive aspects of the gang instead of questions on the illegal stuff. With them asking all negative questions makes youthink that they are doing it to stress the bad parts.TV shows unremarkably show all the bad parts of belonging to a gang like the drugs, the violence, but do you ever see anything on the good parts of a gang. What about the withstander Angels wouldnt they be considered to be a positive helping gang? I have seen an article on Guardian Angels it talked about the aspects of them doing a fund raiser for the homeless and how they contributed to the people around them. This was all done without the drugs and violence unlike the other gangs we here about doing them.If the media would stop running to cover all the gang activeness in this country, I am sure the number of gang related problems would be reduced and the villainy rate would be on a slow but steady decline. By doing this there would be a less of an influence on the people, by showing just the bad stuff in gangs like the drugs and violence and make it less appealing to them. This country seems to love violence on TV. The volumed deal is that they affect our lives so drastically that they are a problem. The main fact is that the gangs where around for a long time and it is going to take a while to stop them.My feelings toward the coverage of the gangs are as if the media is there to put thought in your mind making you think all gangs are bad. The vicious fact is that not all gangs are bad, but the way movies and TV programs make them to be all evil. I feel tha t they should do less coverage of the gangs doing bad stuff and more on the good aspect of what they may do. The media is constantly focusing on the bad stuff giving you the idea that they are bad, but not in all cases.

A Report On Effectiveness Of Ultrasound Education Essay

Ultra cash in ones chips proficiency has been used in the past 60 old ages in medical services. It has since developed signifi can buoytly and its social occasion is more advanced and recognised by longanimouss and health professions. Diagnostic imagination is an of import portion of the wellness service, US is one of this household, which contributes bulkyly to the patient s directions.Title of this survey isEffectiveness of Ultrasound ( US ) tomography in Genito-urinary system ( GUS ) for diagnostic intents A comprehensive comparing with new(prenominal) modes in arrangement of safety and handiness.Every mode has some sort of restrictions and advantages. Safety is a major issue in utilizing tomography techniques. Ultrasound is considered as one of the safest and most readily available imaging mode ( Bates, 1999 ) . However, these advantages do non secure the undermining of the other modes, because restrictions in ultrasound can be overcome by other modes for patient directi ons. gut is prone to many diseases in which some of them argon life endangering ( Ref ) , patient directions require an streamlined method for diagnosing. Sonography plays a great function in this respect. Some of the common goats rue diseasesInfection, glomerular disease,Diseases related to blood circulationAtherosclerosis can do hypofunction. High blood pressure can amaze to mortification of the glomeruli.Metabolic diseasechronic nephritic failure, diabetes.Cystslone, multiple, inbornTumorsaffects kidney, ureter, vesica and urethraRenal cell carcinomaWilm s tumorBladder tumorsNephritic rocks and urinary piece of earthly concern obstructorSurvey PurposesAdvantages and disadvantages of US imaging in GUT.Can US be the first mode of select in GUT imagination?Study AimsStudy the usage of US imaging in GUT.Study the restriction of US imaging in GUT.Accuracy of US imaging for diagnostic intents.Cover the latest engineering in US imagination.BackgroundUltrasound is a sound wave that can non be heard by human ears, it uses a frequence above 20,000 Hz ( Ref ) . The moving ridges are converted by engineering to enable us to see constructions in spite of appearance our organic expressions, which is really utile for medical intents ( Szabo, 2004 ) . Ultrasound attenuates otherwise in human organic structure depending on tissues fading coefficients, and tissues reflect wave otherwise, in which a assortment of strength and contrast images are produced.Main advantages of ultrasound compared to other modes that justify this survey areNo major known hazardImmediate key out or referral for far scrutinyReadily availableShort waiting clipPatient convenienceCost effectualReal clip imageNon-invasiveGood contrast of soft tissueCan separate between stable and change of location tissue ( Doppler consequence )Ultrasound scrutiny in GUT has a broad scope of usage. Imaging starts from kidneys have to bladder, urethra, and venereal variety meats. Ultrasound can observe many p athologies and abnormalcies in this system without the demand for farther scrutinies. In fact, some pathology such as obstructors and tumors can be detected without intercessions, while other modes interfere such as utilizing contrast agents ( Ref ) .Other modes used in GUTX-ray utilizations ionizing radiation as the persist of look at forthing radiogram, widely used in initial GUT scrutinies for being convenience and fast with graduate(prenominal) rate of diagnostic value images ( ref ) .Computed Tomography ( CT ) Scan, uses ionizing radiation as the rule of bring forthing radiogram, widely used for farther scrutiny in GUT system. Produces high-resolution two-dimensional images ( can be reconstructed to 3-dimension ) . Very sensitive in observing different lesions, concretion, obstructor and bleeding. Main concern somewhat utilizing CT is the high radiation dosage to the patient ( Ref ) .Magnetic Resonance Imaging ( MRI ) , uses a strong magnetic field to aline H atoms in the organic structure, pulsations of wireless moving ridges move to realine and aline H atoms, during this, H atoms let go of energy, which is detected to bring forth great contrast images peculiarly of soft tissue. MRI scan can supply definite reply to incertain instances because of its superior soft-tissue contrast when other mode can non. The function of MRI in GUT is mostly in distinguishing benign lesions from malignant if CT has contraindication to the patient ( Ref ) .Nuclear Medicine Imaging ( NMI ) , Radiopharmaceuticals administered to the patients so that the patient become radioactive, Gamma camera scan the patient and detects gamma beam emitted from the radiation and so ideal images from these informations. NMI chiefly used to analyze the map in GUT system and look into the obstructors ( Ref ) .This dissertation reviews literature in relation to ultrasound scrutiny in GUT system. Comparing the usage of other mode while look intoing pathology of a patient. Why in some in stances ultrasound is the first pick of usage, why it is non in other instances? This paper can heighten the advantages of the scrutiny and reexamine the progresss in this engineering, these can back up patient directions and besides be used in instruction.The inquiry needs to be answered in this survey is US effectual plenty to be the first pick scrutiny in GUT system issues? What makes it to be the first pick? What makes it non to be? The survey efforts to analyze the conditions in which US scrutiny can supply doubtless replies to indicants.All beginnings that have relevant information will be used, and the chief database hunt will be Medline, CINAHL, Psycinfo, Embase, AMED, PubMed and e-books.